The single-stage adiabatic reactor has a simple structure and a large production capacity. However, the disadvantage is that the temperature changes greatly during the reaction. It is suitable for the exothermic reaction with little reaction heat effect. The reaction process allows the reaction to have a wide range of temperature. The process with large thermal effect but not sensitive to the reaction temperature or very fast reaction rate is also applicable.

According to the cooling or heating method of the reaction gas between the sections, the multi-stage adiabatic bed is further divided into an indirect heat exchange type and a cold shock type (direct heat exchange type). The temperature fluctuation of the former catalyst bed is small, but the structure is complicated, the catalyst loading and unloading is difficult, and it is more suitable for the exothermic reaction; the latter reactor has a simple structure, is convenient for loading and unloading the catalyst, and the temperature fluctuation of the catalyst bed is small, but the operation requirements are relatively small. High, mostly suitable for exothermic reactions, can be made into large catalytic reactors.

The heat pipe is a heat transfer element with high thermal conductivity. It transfers heat by evaporation and condensation of the working medium in the fully enclosed vacuum envelope. It has extremely high thermal conductivity, good isothermality, and heat transfer on both sides of the hot and cold. The area can be arbitrarily changed, long-distance heat transfer, temperature control and other advantages. The disadvantage is that the oxidation resistance and high temperature resistance are poor. This shortcoming can be solved by installing a set of ceramic heat exchangers at the front. The ceramic heat exchanger solves the problem of high temperature and corrosion resistance.

At present, it has been widely used in metallurgy, chemical industry, oil refining, boiler, ceramics, transportation, textile, machinery and other industries. As an energy-saving equipment for waste heat recovery and heat utilization in the process, it has achieved remarkable economic benefits.

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